![]() The muscles and nerve innervation of the pharynx derive embryologically from the third and fourth brachial arches. These muscles work together to help move food bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus. The palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus muscles are the inner longitudinal muscles that contract to raise the pharynx and larynx. The superior pharyngeal constrictor contract to narrow its lumen to assist with bolus transport as well as seal the nasopharynx to prevent food from going up - the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors contract to narrow its lumen to assist with bolus transport. These constrictor muscles originate from bones and cartilage anteriorly and insert posteriorly to a tendinous seam called the pharyngeal raphe. The outer circular layer consists of the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The pharynx extends from the posterior nasal and oral cavity to the cricoid cartilage before blending into the esophagus. The inner longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus muscles. The pharyngeal muscles receive innervation from the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve to work in sync to propel food from the oral cavity into the esophagus. A group of muscles called the pharyngeal muscles, which consist of the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer, forms the lumen of the pharynx. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.The pharynx is the digestive system posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx and divides into the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx. The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.ĭisclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.ĭrug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. ![]() Margin status may be ideally determined by the integrity of the SPC muscle in future oncologic studies, rather than an adequate distance measurement.Ĭopyright: All rights reserved. Conclusion: Due to the limited width of the SPC muscle, a margin in excess of 2 mm may not be attainable in a transoral radical tonsillectomy. The mean distance from tonsil carcinoma to the lateral specimen margin was 1.79 ± 1.39 mm. The mean minimum width for oncologic specimens was 0.76 ± 0.46 mm. The mean minimum SPC width for all cadaveric specimens was 1.02 ± 0.50 mm. Results: Six cadaveric and 10 oncologic specimens were analyzed. The thickness of the SPC muscle and relationship to the tonsillar carcinoma were assessed. Specimens were processed using standard histopathologic techniques and were analyzed by a board-certified head and neck pathologist. Methods: Radical tonsillectomy specimens were collected from cadaveric and oncologic subjects. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the gross and histologic anatomic features of the palatine tonsil and SPC muscle following an en bloc radical tonsillectomy. The oncologic margin may be significantly influenced by the morphologic relations and anatomic dimensions of the palatine tonsil and superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle. Introduction: The rise in primary surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has led to varying interpretations of the histopathologic evaluation following a radical tonsillectomy.
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